Uma kukhulunywa ngemfashini, izitayela ziyafika zidlule. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube manje, izwe lesitayela nobuhle libone izinguquko eziningi kakhulu. Lapha, sibheka umlando wemfashini wemibhalo yaphansi engavamile. Kusukela ezimbangisweni zabaklami ukuya kumathrendi abulalayo kanye nemibono eyiphutha evamile, thola amaqiniso ayisikhombisa ahlanyayo emfashini ngezansi.
Ama-Flappers Ayengagqoki Umphetho
Uma umuntu ecabanga ngesitayela seminyaka yawo-1920, indlela evamile yokuya kuyo ingubo engumphetho. Kodwa akunjalo ngokusho kukaBeverley Birks, umnakekeli wemibukiso, owakhuluma noRacked ngo-2017. Lokho kungaba ubuhlalu noma imifekethiso,” eveza yena. Njengezinto eziningi, lokhu kungaxhunyaniswa neHollywood. Amabhayisikobho aqoshwa ngawo-1920 kodwa enziwa ngawo-1950 athatha izincazelo zesimanje zesitayela se-retro. Kodwa noma kunjalo, inganekwane yokugqoka ama-flappers isaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Isisekelo Senziwe Ngomthofu
Namuhla, abathengi baqaphela kakhulu amakhemikhali anobuthi asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yezimonyo. Kodwa emuva ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube sekhulwini le-19, impushana enomthofu yayigcwele intukuthelo. Izithombe zezibalo ezidumile ezifana Queen Elizabeth I ubuso obunobuso obuphaphathekile, isikhumba esimhlophe esimhlophe. Abantu abaningi basebenzise isisekelo se-ceruse esifaka umthofu omhlophe njengesithako esiyinhloko sokufeza lokhu kubukeka.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi, iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I yasebenzisa isisekelo ukuvala izibazi ezivela ekuqubukeni kwengxibongo eminyakeni yawo-20. Ubuthi bomthofu ekugcineni bungaholela ekufeni futhi kuthatha iminyaka ukusebenza. Abaphethwe yilesi sifo babenezimpawu ezehlukene njengokuqwasha, ukuphathwa yikhanda, ukukhubazeka kanye nokuxaka ngokwanele—izibazi zesikhumba.
U-Coco Chanel no-Elsa Schiaparelli Babenengxabano Ebabayo
Namuhla, i-Chanel ingelinye lamagama adume kakhulu kwezemfashini. Kodwa ngawo-1930, abaklami UGabrielle "Coco" Chanel futhi Elsa Schiaparelli babeyizimbangi ezinonya. U-Schiaparelli wayaziwa ngokwenza imiklamo phambili yemfashini uma eqhathaniswa nontanga yakhe. “Impela bebeyizimbangi, bejikijelana ngasese bencomana nje. Kuphinde kuthiwe uChanel wake waphumelela ukuthungela iSchiaparelli ngomlilo,” uChanel noSchiaparelli ababhali bempilo yabantu uRhonda K. Garelick noMeryle Secrest batshele iHarper’s Bazaar.UChanel wake wabiza uSchiaparelli ngokuthi "lelo ngcweti yase-Italy eyenza izingubo." Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, kwakuyindlu kaChanel eyaphumelela ngenkathi ibhizinisi likaSchiaparelli lilahlekelwa imali futhi walivala ngo-1954. Ku-2013, uphawu lweSchiaparelli lwaphinde lwasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kokuqondisa kokudala kukaMarco Zanini.
I-Puma kanye ne-Adidas Bazalwa Ngombango Wezelamani
Namuhla, i-adidas nePuma zaziwa njengezinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile zamateki. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zadalwa abazalwane? Ngawo-1920. Abazalwane baseJalimane Adolf futhi Rudolf Dassler usungule inkampani yezicathulo. Isheshe yaphumelela kodwa ukungezwani okwandayo kwaholela ekutheni inkampani ihlukaniswe kabili ngo-1948.
Ukulandisa okuningi, kucaphuna isigameko phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lapho idolobha laseJalimane iHerzogenaurach liqhunyiswa ngamabhomu amabutho ahlangene. Lapho u-Adi nomkakhe bengena endaweni yokukhosela ngamabhomu noRudi nomkakhe, wababaza, “Izigangi ezingcolile sezibuyile futhi.” URudi wathatha lokhu njengecala emndenini wakhe. U-Adi waqamba igama lakhe elithi Adidas ngenkathi uRudi esebenzisa igama lakhe elithi Ruda kodwa walishintsha laba yiPuma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. U-Adi uphume phambili nge-savvy yakhe yamasu nobudlelwano kubasubathi ngokusho kweFortune.
Kunesizathu Sebinzana elithi ‘Mad as a Hatter’
Namuhla uma sicabanga nge-Mad Hatter, abantu abaningi cishe bacabanga ngo-'Alice e-Wonderland'. Kodwa emuva ngekhulu le-19, usuku oluhle lokwenziwa kwezigqoko, abakhi bezigqoko basebenzisa i-mercury ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokufenda. Ukuchayeka njalo ku-mercury kubangele ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukuqwasha kanye nenkulumo engahlangani. Inkulumo ethi “uhlanya njengesizondi” isuka kulo musho. Kwaze kwaba ngawo-1940 lapho i-mercury yavalwa khona ekwenzeni izigqoko e-US.
Amadoda Ayengowokuqala Ukugqoka Izithende
Namuhla, izithende eziphakeme zihlotshaniswa nekhabethe labesifazane. Kodwa ungase umangale ukuthola ukuthi izithende eziphakeme empeleni zenzelwe amadoda. Ngokombukiso obizwa ngokuthi: Shoes: Pleasure and Pain at the Savannah College of Art and Design, izicathulo eziphakeme zathuthukiswa ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka lasePheresiya. Umkhuba uthuthele e-Europe futhi izicukuthwane zesilisa zawafaka ukuze abukeke ngendlela enamandla. Ukwengeza, yilapho igama elithi "well-heeled" livela khona.
Ama-Corset Ayengeyona Ingozi Njengoba Ucabanga
I-corset yanikeza umphumela wesibalo se-hourglass, futhi ngokuvamile inedumela eliyingozi kakhulu. Okokuqala okwaduma ngawo-1500, ama-corsets ayedumile kwaze kwaba ngawo-1960. Ngokumunca i-torso yowesifazane, kwanikeza abesifazane izintambo ezincane zokhalo. UValerie Steele, isazi-mlando sezemfashini kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi ‘The Corset: A Cultural History’, uphikisa ngokuthi ama-corset ayengeyona ingozi njengoba abantu becabanga.
Uthi umqondo we-corset engu-13-intshi uyinganekwane futhi ama-corset awazange abangele izitho ezingalungile ngendlela umuntu angakholelwa ngayo. USteele uphinde aphawule ukuthi amadoda ayevame ukubhikishela ukugqoka i-corset; okusho ukuthi abantu besifazane babezigqoka ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngenhlanhla, namuhla abesifazane bane-spanx ukunikeza isibalo esibushelelezi ngaphandle kobuhlungu.